Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was a state that dominated the Mediterranean and much of Europe. Western Asia, and North Africa during the classical period. The Roman Republic had previously conquered most of these territories.

Which later came under permanent single-person rule following Octavian's rise to power and the establishment of the Augustan Principate in 27 BC. By the late 3rd one hundred years AD, the empire had been divided many times. The later Western Roman Empire collapsed in 476 AD.

Whereas the Eastern Roman Empire (also known as the Byzantine Empire) persisted until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. By 100 BC, the city of Rome had expanded its rule from the Italian peninsula to most of the Mediterranean and beyond. However, it was severely destabilised by civil wars and political conflicts.

Which culminated in the victory of Octavian over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, and the subsequent conquest of the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Egypt. In 27 BC, the Roman Senate granted Octavian overarching military power (imperium) and the new title of Augustus. Marking his accession as the first Roman emperor.

The vast Roman territories were organized into senatorial provinces, governed.